John Lukacs: “Patriotism is defensive; nationalism is aggressive.”

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“Patriotism is defensive; nationalism is aggressive. Patriotism is the love of a particular land, with its particular traditions; nationalism is the love of something less tangible, of the myth of a “people,” justifying many things, a political and ideological substitute for religion. Patriotism is old-fashioned (and, at times and in some places, aristocratic); nationalism is modern and populist.”

John Lukacs, Democracy and Populism: Fear and Hatred

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